![]() ![]() Forces and moments in the superstructure and the substructure induced by thermal movements and time-dependent loads were not negligible and should be considered in the design process. Prestressed concrete (PSC) bridge response did not differ significantly from the steel bridge response. All IAB bridge response values were strongly related to the four considered parameters, while they were not always linearly proportional. To compare girder material and bridge geometry influence, the study evaluates four critical superstructure and substructure response parameters: (1) girder axial force, (2) girder bending moment, (3) pile moment, and (4) pile head displacement. The effect of factors influencing bridge response, such as (1) bridge construction timeline, (2) concrete thermal expansion coefficient, (3) backfill stiffness, and (4) pile-soil stiffness, are assumed to be constant. This study demonstrates the effect of four dominant parameters: (1) girder material, (2) bridge length, (3) backfill height, and (4) construction joint below girder seats on the response of IABs to the rise and fall of AASHTO extreme temperature with time-dependent effects in concrete materials. As IABs are supported by nonlinear boundaries, bridge geometric parameters strongly affect IAB behavior and complicate predicting the bridge response for design and assessment purposes. AASHTO adopted the Gergely-Lutz equation for controlling flexural cracking, but in a slightly rearranged form3. Although integral abutment bridges (IABs) have become a preferred construction choice for short- to medium-length bridges, they still have unclear bridge design guidelines. of flexural cracks at the tension face of a reinforced concrete flexural member is: w 0.000115 f 4 A c s, (2) where the variables are the same as defined for the Gergely-Lutz equation. ![]()
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